مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال یازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 33، آذر و دی 1392)

Aim and Deficit of theory of mind is a fundamental impairment of social skill in autistic children. The purpose of present study was evaluation of cognitive rehabilitation on social cognition abilities of children with high function autism. Methods and Materials: In present single subject study، 4 children with high function autism participated in study with no probably sampling. Six assessment session performed each two week as preliminary، before intervention، mid intervention، post intervention and follow up after four week. Intervention group receive 14 session intervention with program for emotion rehabilitation and social interaction in autism (PERSIA). Evaluation performed with reading mind from eyes، reading observer mind and faux pause test of sally-Anne. data analysis were used visual analysis and effect size. Finings show improvement in reading mind of observer and sally-Anne test. Performance of reading mind from eyes was not improved. Effect size show that present rehabilitation program improves faux pause and mind reading performance. One approach of cognitive rehabilitation that was focused in present study is cognitive remediation. We propose that therapists replaced strategy learning method as compensation method with this remediation method. Present study found that theory of mind improved with short time cognitive rehabilitation.

Aim and Theory of mind is the ability to attribute one’s own or others mental states which has an important role in social and behavioral performances. The purpose of the present study was compare theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and major depression with normal individuals. Methods and Materials: The present research was a causal- comparative study. The subjects include 25 patients with schizophrenia who are members of bojnurd’s home visit centers or camps of chronic psychiatric patients، 27 patients with major depression who attend bojnurd’s psychiatric clinics، and 30 normal employees of ashna dairy-product company of the city of bojnurd. They were selected by convenience sampling method and were studid in the period November to January 2012. Subjects were tested by SCID-I، revised form of WAIS-R، and reading the mind in Baron-Cohen eyes tests. The results from one-way ANCOVA analyses indicated that there is a meaningful difference in theory of mind among patients with schizophrenia، patients with major depression and normal individuals (P >0. 001). The theory of mind deficit was found in patients with schizophrenia and major depression compared to normal ones. The deficit is more intensive in patients with schizophrenia rather than the ones with major depression. Also، results indicate that IQ is not an appropriate variable to explain the theory of mind deficit in patients with schizophrenia and major depression.

Aim and major depressive disorder (MDD) has physically and psychological effect on individuals with that disorder. One of the effective areas is emotion expression styles and metacognitive beliefs that has important role in interpersonal and between individual relationships. The purpose of this research was study of emotion expression styles and metacognitive beliefs in individuals with MDD. Methods and Materials: The sample population was included individuals with MDD (n=47) on base of DSM IV-TR criterions and students (n=40) in Semnan University without MDD in 2009. The devices which are aid to collecting data had Questionnaires of Meta-Cognition (MCQ)، Emotional Expressiveness (EEQ)، Emotional Control (ECQ)، and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness (AEEQ). The questionnaires data had been analyzed by use of Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA. There was a significant difference between metacognitive beliefs and emotion expression styles in individuals with MDD and students (P<0. 05). Also، There was a significant difference in subscales of negative emotion expressiveness، rumination or rehearsal، positive emotion expressiveness، and entitlement expressiveness significantly، were the best predictors of metacognitive beliefs between two groups (P<0. 05). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of dysfunctional in metacognitive beliefs and emotion expression in individuals with MDD that it associated with their metacognitive beliefs and emotion expression ways. Thus، they aren''t accuracy mindfulness because they concentrate to events distortion. Also، individuals with MDD have not necessary skills for labeling and self feelings interpretation and involve in internal challenge between metacognitive beliefs and emotion expression.

Aim and Psychological interventions can have a decreasing effect on the symptoms of patients with somatoform disorders، via improving psychological، social and familial status of the patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) on anxiety، depression and stress in female with somatoform vertigo. Methods and Materials: This was a case-control research with pre test، post test and follow up. That was conducted in2011 in laboratory of psychology at the Isfahan university. The sample was consisted of 28 patients with somatoform vertigo، according to the diagnosis of neurologist. Then، they randomly assigned to experimental and control group and completed The DASS test was used on both groups in pre test post test and follow up phases. The experimental group received CBSM for 10 sessions، each session 2 hour، for a period of 2. 5 months. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA. The mean of anxiety، Stress and depression scores، was significantly decreased in experimental group in posttest and follow up. It is suggested that cognitive behavioral stress management have had a positive effect on decreasing anxiety، stress، and depression in patients with somatoform vertigo.

Aim and According to role of cognitive - emotion regulation in control of positive and negative emotions، the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive- emotion regulation and anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. Methods and Materials: The method of this study was applied. 240 participants of child and adolescent (154 male and 83 female) were selected randomly and the instruments (the revised version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 and Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire) this study was administered on them. The sampling of this study was to multi-cluster sampling. Data analysis of this study was to correlation and multiple regressions. The results showed that there were significant correlations between most of the Cognitive emotion regulation components and anxiety disorders. Also، the findings of analysis of multi-regression (stepwise method) showed that catastrophic and rumination explained 16 percent of variance of total score of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent. It can be concluded there is correlation between of cognitive-emotion regulation strategies and anxiety disorders. Andsomeof the cognitive emotion regulationstrategies can be involved in anxiety disorders.

Aim and In this study we examined the efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment in reduction of Women with generalized anxiety disorder pathological symptoms. Methods and Materials: In the present study we used non-congruent multiple baseline experimental single case study design. Three women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were selected from patients of Tabriz two counseling and psychiatric service centers in 2012 by using purposeful sampling method، along with diagnostic interview and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) based on disorders axis I. Patients underwent the treatment process subsequent to obtaining treatment requirements. The efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment Protocol (UP) was carried out in three phase of intervention (Baseline، 12 session treatment and 6 weeks follow-up) by using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)، Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-Q-IV) and The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) evaluated. Data analyzed with visuals inspection، improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI) strategies. Results showed Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment is both clinically and statistically (p<0. 05) significant efficient on the reduction of treatment''s target (worry، symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and severity of anxiety and functioning impairment) severity. Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment has appropriate efficacy in the symptom reduction of women suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Aim and Type A individuals are more likely to suffer problems due to certain worldviews that job. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stress management therapy based on cognitive-behavior therapy on type A personality in industrial company employees Methods and Materials: This is study a quasi-experimental. population in this study included all Personnel of industrial Company، that company was registered in 1390، from among employees of the company were 500 people were randomly selected that basis on their respond to type a personality inventory. The final sample included 30 men who were selected randomly among 500 men with score upper one standard deviation from mean. The men were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). First performed Type A and job stressors inventories as pretest، then 10 sessions of group therapy of stress management based on cognitive-behavior therapy carried out. The data resulted from the research were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that both experimental and control groups after implementation of stress management indicates that there is a significant difference in the type A behavior pattern. Also، between the two groups in terms of type A and type A non-morbid disease so there is significant difference in stress management. Stress management training technique cognitive - behavioral is effective in modifying behavior patterns type A، and thereby can be psychological and occupational problems related to this type of personality in reduced staff.

Aim and The aim of this study was to efficacy emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT) to improve communication patterns in couples. This research was a Quasi-experimental study. Methods and Materials: The sample included sixty (30 couples، N=60) that all were convenience selected and they were replaced randomly in experimental and control groups. All participants completed The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). In addition، age، state of agree and duration of marriage was investigated. Data was analyzed by Covariance analysis The results of the study showed that emotionally focused couples therapyhas been effective in improve communication patterns in couples. This difference is caused by the training program of how to deal with emotion management plays a main role in improving communication patterns.

Man confronts crisis and problems during his life and sometimes because of several pressures commits suicide to escape and save himself. Suicide occurs in all classes of the society. Some of the demographic and social variables affecting suicide attempt are: age، sex، marital status، job، economic problems، communication and emotional problems، mental disorders and physical illness. Matrial and This was a descriptive- analytic study carried out on 466 suicidal cases during a year in which the samplings referred to the emergency unit of Emam Khomeini hospital. Method of data collection was a questionnaire which was completed through the interviews. Raw data were analyzed by the SpSS software. There was a significant difference between the following facetors: age (P=0/26)، education (p=0)، sex (p<0/05)، marital status (p=0/037)، economic stress (p=0/001)، job stress (p=0)، marital and sexual stress (p=0) and suicide attempt. Communication and emotional problems especially in women and economic and job stress in men had the greatest role in suicide attempt in Falavarjan. Due to the sudden suicide attempt and the age group at risk of suicide -15-24 year- it is characterized that emotional immaturity lack of commuincation and poor problem solving skills - especially in these ages - can be involved in suicide attempt.

Aim and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease and can extremely affect on body esteem at patients and changes obviously Emotions and attitudes with body in patients. Based on this study was to examine body esteem in patients with MS. Methods and Materials: This research Study was descriptive، 395 patients of the MS Society in Tehran in 2012 were selected by convenience sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire of body esteem. Data was analyzed by independent t-test، ANOVA، Pearson correlation and post hoc Scheffe test using SPSS/16. According to score of body esteem (3. 25) and the overall average score for body esteem (42. 25)، Patients with multiple sclerosis had favorable body esteem. There were significant relationship between body esteem and marital status (p=0. 011)، educational level (p<0. 001)، occupational status (p=0. 004)، income monthly (p<0. 001) and duration of disease (p=0. 004)، whereas this relationship for between body esteem and age were significant inverse (p<0. 001). Where of Human feeling about body esteem is equal to value that hears، sees and senses is created in the mind and community have a role effective in improvement body esteem، the nurses can change people reaction in the first encounter with physical disabilities and so play a main role in positive assessment body esteem and take up valuable of them.

Aim and The siblings of children with Down syndrome are at risk for psychological disorders. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigae the effectiveness of resiliencetraining on mental health in siblings of children with Down syndrome. Methods and Materials: In the present study a semi- experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow up design was utilized. The statistical population of this research included the whole adolescents (age between 14- 18) having sibling with Down syndrome in Shiraz city، Iran. The sample size was 30 adolescents having sibling with Down syndrome were selected by whole population sampling method assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. Mental Health Inventory (MHI 28) was used for measuring Mental Health that includes two components: psychological wellbeingand psychological distress Analyzing of data using Mix ANOVAs with repeated measure design revealed that wellbeing in siblings of children with Down syndrome in experimental group significantly improved and their psychological distress significantly decreased and these results were permanent in the follow up step. On the other hand، no significant difference was observed between subjects on the base of gender. According to the results of this study we can conclude that by training of skills related with resilience، it is possible to enhance the mental health of siblings of children with Down syndrome.

Aim and Given that، people''s reaction to AIDS victims، desire to seek information about AIDS، and personal efforts to avoid exposure to AIDS could be affected by the level of anxiety a person experiences about AIDS. This paper assessed the reliability and validity of Persian version of multidimensional AIDS Anxiety Questionnaire– (MAAQ-P) in Iranian students. Methods and Materials: After face and content validity، to psychometry present tool، from 617 students of Qom non-medical universities، answered to response to (MAAQ-P). Samples selected by available method. In this study، we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis، Pearson correlation and Cronbach''s Alpha in order to examine construct and concurrent validity، respectively. SPSS program version 18 and Lisrel version 8. 8 were used to analyze the data in this study. The total (MAAQ-P) had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0. 95). The Cronbach’s alphas for the sub-scales were (physiological arousal، =α0. 78)، (cognitive ­worry، =α0. 78) (sexual inhibition، =α0. 79)، (discussion inhibition =α0. 80) and (fear، =α0. 80). Based on factor analysis، five dimensions Inventory 5. 57 of the total variance explained، and they were approved. After one month test-retest study on a sub-sample of 40 students revealed Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0. 65 to 0. 96 was obtained (p<0. 001). The results of the present study indicate that the Farsi version of MAAQ has a good reliability and validity and instruments that can be used to monitor societal changes in AIDS anxiety.

Aim and A child ADHD is one of the most common child psychiatric disorders. Lack of drug treatment of the before mentioned disorder may leads to various problems in children because of weight gain. Methods and Materials: Methodology used in this research is quasi-experimental intervention study which has done by using two experimental and control groups. Our research population was the boys and girls came to behavioral scientific center of Khorshid hospital in Esfahan. Our samples were selected from the children with ADHD problems based on the DS IM-TR criterion and definite diagnostics through clinical interview by child and adolescent psychiatrists (TR) with the age of 6 to 12 which were treated by risperidone with the dozes of 0. 5،2 and 3 mg and they were at the beginning of their treatment. 60 persons were selected in a simple random method and divided into two groups and the basic weight evaluation، daily medical treatments، written suggestions for weight loss which has given to both groups. Moreover 8 hourly sessions were done twice a week for a period of one month for using Kinect-Xbox gaming console. After a one month interval، the weight for both groups were recorded and evaluated once more. Research data were analyzed with the use of covariance analysis. Effects of gaming console has succeeded to make weight loss in children as well as stopping to use these may lead to weight gain in them. for p<0. 01. Considering the comparison between the 1st and 2nd month weight measurement in experiment group which were less than the amounts were recorded for the control group and the comparison between 1st and 2nd month reveals that the weight of the 2nd month were more than the 1st month. Regarding to the secondary findings of sex and type characteristics، it was not made a meaningful different between two groups. findings from this research reviles that gaming consoles have roles for controlling the procedure of changing weight with obese children with ADHD disorders because of using drug treatments.

Aim and Job burnout is considered as the main factor of decreasing efficiency، losing manpower and making physical and mental complication''s specially in human service professions، this survey intends to study job burnout for psychologists and psychiatrists of city of Isfahan and it is interrelation with individual and professional factors. Methods and Materials: This survey is of Correlation type، that has been done on 133، psychologists and psychiatrists، (98 psychologists and 35 psychiatrists) applying an Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire (MBI) (α=0. 87) and demography questionnaire. The samples were selected simple randomly، by accident and invited to cooperate individually. Data has been reported into two levels of descriptive and inferential (frequency، percentage، mean، deviation، T test، coefficient of correlation، analysis of variance). The results of this survey proved weak when the mean of job burnout scores in the study sample compared with the source score. In aspects of emotional exhaustion، depersonalization، burnout was weak and in the aspect of personal efficiency it suggested medium. Moreover there is a meaningful relation between job burnout with the variable of interest in clinical work، attitude to the effectiveness of clinical work، and the type of job (P<0. 05). The results indicated that there is notable job burnout، even though it''s weak in the sample group. This has been more serious among the employees of the state centers so it''s necessary to identify the intensifier and reducer factors for this phenomenon in the personal، organizational and environmental aspects.

Aim and The family functioning is a suitable anticipant scale for mental health therefore، the goal of the current study was to compare family functioning of psychiatric disorders. Methods and materials: This study was an analytical descriptive and cross-sectional study that performed on 150 inpatients with anxiety disorders، depressive disorders and bipolar disorders schizophrenia. The data was collected through interview by researcher، using the FDA (Family Function Questionnaire) The data assessed using by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysis and Kruskal-Wallis. There was significant difference between the mean score of family functioning of patients with anxiety disorders، depressive disorders and bipolar disorders، Also the most difficult area of family functioning was on roles، involvement emotional and overall function (p≤ /05). The results of this study show that anxiety disorders، patients with depression and bipolar disorder are encountered with problem in many aspects of family functioning that will reinforce the role of the family system in mental diseases. So that is necessary to caregivers and family members of patients encourage participating in educational programs.

Aim and This study was conducted with the aim of explaining aspects of conceptual framework of indicators for mental health. Providing mental health indicators conceptual framework could provide for the creation of a unified set of mental health indicators. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted in the method of systematic review and in type of library researching and internet resources. To search for a reputable and well-known databases such as “medline”، “pubmed”، “psyclit” and other informative sites were used. And the key words to the development، implementation and evaluation of mental health promotion programs were used. In most systems، health and mental health indicators conceptual framework used to comprehensively based on the following four aspects: health status، mental health factors، mental health system performance، and characteristics of the mental health system and community and health system characteristics. Also، according to the research، mental health indicators should be specific، measurable، reliable، valid، realistic، practical، cost effective، evidence based and ethical. Among the health indicators conceptual framework، the framework proposed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information)CIHI(is of sufficient breadth and comprehensiveness. And it can be used with slight changes in Iran. based on this framework، a comprehensive general health indicators based on four dimensions: health status، health factors، health system، community and health system characteristics is investigated.